Oedipus, Not A God But A Man - 1437 Words

By seeing through â€Å"the spell that hypnotized our lives,† says the priest of Zeus, Oedipus â€Å"restored our life† and, though left unsaid, became king of Thebes (OT 1). But with what riddle, with what spell did the sphinx paralyze the city? Could it not be the same that drove Orestes to madness, the coming into question of a cultural understanding no longer believable and the crisis that must follow it? For Orestes, it is justice that hangs in suspense when, after killing his mother, he receives not a settled conscience but a vision of women â€Å"like Gorgons/ shrouded in black, their heads wreathed,/ swarming serpents!† (1047 - 1049), and only Athena is able to construct new order, creating a new justice, or rather a new understanding of justice, from the ashes of the old. But in Thebes, Oedipus, not a god but a man, sees through the riddle, and this action, whether it constitutes a restoration of the city’s life or its refounding, coronates the be neficent tyrant. Unfortunately, we cannot stop here but must continue, for this account of his blindness, in neglecting his dealing with the sphinx and the relation of that to his familial crimes, leaves undisclosed the nature of Oedipus himself. For if we understand the riddle of the sphinx as a coming into question of a cultural understanding never before questioned, as a crumbling, in other words, of the foundations of the old law, we must understand Oedipus as both the destroyer of the old law and the founder of the new. ThisShow MoreRelatedHuman Will and the Power of the Gods: Oedipus Rex by Sophocles1363 Words   |  6 Pagesaccomplished only by some. Sophocles’ Oedipus Rex is considered today as one of the greatest tragedies produced by an author during this time. Carefully crafted motifs, character-developing monologues, and poignant irony all combine to create a tragedy that leaves readers stunned and grieving for poor Oedipus. Throughout Oedipus Rex, the motif of blindness and sigh t emphasizes the struggle between the power of free will and the power of the gods made evident in Oedipus’ interactions with Tiresias, Jokasta’sRead More Oedipus Tyrannos by Sophocles1623 Words   |  7 PagesOedipus Tyrannos by Sophocles Sophocles uses a mixture of both visual and emotional imagery to create the morally questioning, Greek tragedy ‘Oedipus Tyrannos’. He presents the audience with an intense drama, which addresses the reality and importance of the gods that the Greeks fervently believed in. The play also forces the audience to ask themselves if there is such a concept as fate.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  From the very beginning of Oedipus, it is made clear â€Å"that his destiny be one of fate and worse†Read MoreIs What Happens to Oedipus Fair? Are We Supposed to Respect Him? Would1625 Words   |  7 Pagestragedy ‘Oedipus Tyrannos. He presents the audience with an intense drama, which addresses the reality and importance of the gods that the Greeks fervently believed in. The play also forces the audience to ask themselves if there is such a concept as fate. From the very beginning of Oedipus, it is made clear that his destiny be one of fate and worse. The irony is that Oedipus unknowingly repeatedly predicts his own fate: It was I who called down these curses on that man. Oedipus has unconsciouslyRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Oedipus Oedipus Rex 928 Words   |  4 Pagesbetween Oedipus’ irrevocable circumstances as well as his flawed character that makes Sophocles’ â€Å"Oedipus Rex† a quintessential example of Greek drama. His circumstances, which are set by the Gods, are profound and beyond anyone’s control; either he must be killed or there will be great consequences. His parent’s rejection of the oracle set by the gods, the degrees of separation from his origin, and his flawed sense of pride is the complexity of the plot as well as what makes Oedipus the complexRead MoreA Close Reading Of Oedipus Rex1226 Words   |  5 PagesENG October 21, 2015 A Close Reading of Oedipus Rex Ancient Greeks cared deeply about the pursuit of knowledge. Although the truth was often a terrifying concept, they still saw it as a critical virtue. The theater was one way in which the ideas of knowledge and truth were examined. Many Greek dramatists use the self-realizations of their characters to underscore the themes of their tragedies. Sophocles, for one, uses the character transformation of Oedipus, in tandem with the plot, to highlightRead MoreThe Role of Faith and the Gods in Oedipus Rex Essays1713 Words   |  7 PagesA common struggle man faces is the question of who or what has power and control over his life. Does he have total control of his future, or is there a higher being at work that takes human lives into their own hands? Sophocles, in his work Oedipus Rex, establishes a view that gives fate, which is created by the gods, a seemingly inescapable characteristic over man. The role of fate is clearly defined, through the fulfillment of divine prophecy, and Oedipus’ inability to recognize prophecy asRead MoreOedipus the King: Oedipuss Submission to the Gods Essay1529 Words   |  7 PagesOedipuss Submission to the Gods In ancient Greece, plays were more then simply a form of entertainment. Athenian drama was supported and financed by the state. (...)Greek theater was directed at the moral and political education of the community. (Kennedy and Gioia, pgs 1357-1363) Sophocles understood this, and dissipated any pollyanic view of society by presenting us with plays that were intended to teach. Sophocless Oedipus the King issued a warning for those who foolishly believed thatRead MoreOedipus The King, Oedipus Rex1329 Words   |  6 PagesIn Sophocles’ 5th century Greek tragedy Oedipus the King, Oedipus Rex infamously murders his father and weds his mother in a bout of dramatic irony. This engenders the predicament of whether these crimes are justifiable or not. Those who are procrustean in regards to Oedipus’ crimes may insularly claim that they cannot be rationalized. However, further acknowledgement of this quandary brings forth the idea that Oedipus’ crimes of patricide and incest are clearly justified by how his lack of phronesisRead MoreFree Will In Oedipus1046 Words   |  5 PagesOedipus Tyrannus is a play by Sophocles. â€Å"Is Oedipus a play about a man who is fated to do the things he’s done, is it about a man who through ignorance committed abominable acts, but then, acting on his own free will set to right the wrongs he’d done, or is it a play about the fate of man in general-that we are the playthings of the gods, that we are without free will, and that we must reconcile ourselves to our fates?† (Essay 2) It’s hard to decide on just one view. On one hand the play seemsRead MoreInfluenced by Humans but Beyond Human Control: Fate in Oedipus767 Words   |  4 Pagesthrough certain situations that occur throughout the play which are uncontrollable. The gods preordained Oedipus’ future, with all its intricacies and landmarks which lead Oedipus on his quest to find his identity and the truth. However, the path Oedipus â€Å"chooses† is simply a reaction to the predetermination of his life. Ultimately fate, through Oedipus’ own â€Å"choices† is his opponent throughout the play. Oedipus, sent away from Thebes as an infant, coincidently was saved and became the prince of Corinth

Symptoms And Treatment Of Cancer Diseases Essay - 2194 Words

Essay contents The spontaneously exposure of a stable cellular to the external or intrinsic factors in body arises the cellular continually changes, called biomarkers (e.g. Cellular, molecular changes) , in a form of mutation where DNA sequence is modified or deleted or disrupted due to the presence of what is called a carcinogens (IARC, 2006; Li et al , 2014). This presence of physical, or biological, or chemical agents in cells, leads to neoplasm transformation of affected cell (Devi , 1982). The results of cell aberration or deviation of normal new cell growth or functionality lead to the permanent DNA disruption and accumulation effect of these cell abnormalities causes the cancer or tumor in affected cell (Zingg Jones , 1997). The carcinogens as the agents with an ability to cause cancer, has the potent to lead to different types of cancer diseases (e.g. breast cancer, central system cancer, skin cancer, colon and rectal cancer, etc.) (NCI, 1975-2000; IARC, 2006), it is due to chronic exposur e to toxin via food chain or medical utilization and with ability to damage the cells (Robert, 2012). The carcinogens as the mixture chemicals initiate and cause different of cancer diseases to a variety biological organism. The carcinogens are the xenobiotic introduced in the biological organ from different sources such as biological, chemical and physical sources, for example drugs, drug metabolites, environmental pollutants interact with DNA and change the normal cell growth inShow MoreRelatedThe Bare Bones Of Cancer1082 Words   |  5 PagesBare Bones of Cancer A silent killer of today is cancer; there are many different forms of cancer. 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Some may show signs and symptomsRead MoreArticle Review On Information About Cancer Essay1073 Words   |  5 PagesInformation About Cancer By Brijesh Ghelani | Submitted On January 13, 2011 Recommend Article Article Comments Print Article Share this article on Facebook Share this article on Twitter Share this article on Google+ Share this article on Linkedin Share this article on StumbleUpon Share this article on Delicious Share this article on Digg Share this article on Reddit Share this article on Pinterest Expert Author Brijesh Ghelani Though we have all heard the term Cancer through many sourcesRead MoreA Short Note On Lung Cancer Awareness And Cancer1647 Words   |  7 Pages Lung Cancer Awareness Lung cancer, like other cancers is a disease attributed by excessive growth of cells and tissues in the lungs unlike other cancers which occur in different parts. This disorder is typically capable of spreading to other parts of the body and affecting them viciously. 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Pcl Electronics in China free essay sample

To: General Manager From: Consultant Date: January 30, 2012 Subject: PCL Control Sustainability Introduction PCL is a European consumer electronics and healthcare company that has recently entered China. They have a wide variety of televisions, DVD players, PC monitors, audio products and PC peripherals. PCL is able to compete within the consumer electronics market as they have low prices and a large network of distributors. PCL uses innovation to stay ahead of competitors and keep up with the latest technologies. PCL is currently in the growth stage and they need to maintain continuity. PCL organizational objective is to implement controls without having a detrimental effects on relationships with chain retailers and dealers. PCL also needs to ensure they do not loose prominent shelf space within the retail stores. PCL needs to minimize the amount of NFF returns. Key Problems Issue one two three Challenge 1: Sales Team PCL’s sales team was under immense pressure from the Dealers to meet sales targets, which was set at 132% of previous year’s sales. This was concerning to the sales team in that the prescribed expectations outpaced actual market growth, causing a disconnect in communicating the organization’s goals and providing the correct incentives to reach those goals. While results controls aim to enhance performance by tying rewards directly to the accomplishment of the desired results, problems may arise when the targets are perceived to be unattainable. PCL’s sales team resorted to aggressive sales techniques at the expense of the company’s greater goal of minimizing unnecessary returns and exchanges of demo sets and slow-moving goods. Results Controls The sales targets for the sales team act as results controls as well. However, these targets are not considered tight because they are not communicated and internalized effectively. The sales team feels as though the goals are not reasonable since the sales targets are increasing at a rate much greater than the market growth rate. Therefore, it can be concluded that the sales team has had little input in setting these targets, causing low levels of internalization and motivation. PCL should carefully analyze market growth and PCL sales over time as well as allow the Sales Team to participate in setting realistic sales targets so that the Sales Team does not feel pressured and in turn, does not relay this pressure to the dealers. Challenge 2: ASC The third issue is the lack of motivation for the after sales service team to regularly monitor the third-party ASCs. As a result, the ASCs do not inspect returned sets carefully and even go as far as to fake inspection records. This fraudulent behaviour results in a large number of NFFs which are an unnecessary drain on PCL’s profits. Thus far, the after sales service team has not caught or punished the ASCs for incompliant behaviour. The after sales service team’s lack of motivation to actively monitor and punish the ASCs stems from the fact that they report to the general manager of PCL as opposed to the TV division manager. Because the after sales service team’s performance rewards or punishments are not directly tied to the success of the TV division, the team has no incentive to ensure ASC compliance. Results Controls Implementing results controls at PCL is feasible because the organization can determine what results are desired, the employees have influence over the results, and the results can be measured. Results controls that PCL has implemented include the following goals: the NFF rate is to be reduced to 20%, the TV return and exchange rate to be reduced to 3. 5%, and the total savings realized by PCL due to more efficient TV returns within six months to be at least US$1. 13 million. These are understandable objectives and what employees must do to achieve these objectives must be conveyed to them clearly and repetitively. In order for these results controls to be effective, PCL must ensure that the measurement of these objectives is accurate and not influenced by biased individuals. There should not be a significant time lag between the employee’s performance and the measurement of the results to ensure that the employees are constantly kept motivated. Seeing as the objective of PCL is to minimize the losses associated with television returns, the aforementioned performance dimensions are tailored to meet this objective and are therefore, congruent. These results controls are also tight because they fulfill the requirement of specificity. They must also be effectively communicated to all entities which have influence in meeting these standards such as the ASCs and the after sales service team. The inclusion of these areas in which the organization desires compliant performance ensures that these controls are complete as well. Finally, there must be a direct link between the accomplishment of the results and the rewards or punishments that may be realized. In this case, quarterly bonuses will be provided to the ASCs who exhibit the highest level of compliant behaviour to incentivise these third party entities to thoroughly inspect the returned TV sets. This type of reward is also a group reward which will act as a cultural control, encouraging mutual monitoring among ASC employees. A negative incentive such as punishment policies and penalties for NFF returns to the PCL factory will also be implemented. The after sales service team must be provided with a direct incentive to effectively monitor the ASC personnel. Therefore, the service team’s bonus should depend on the amount of goods returned to the factory and penalties should be received for NFFs. Aligning performance measures of the two groups with the PCL’s objectives will ensure higher levels of compliance. Behavioural Controls Return Process In regards to the return policy set in place for the return of merchandise, only products that are deemed functionally defective are accepted. These returns must be returned within 15 days of purchase. In the short run, these action constraints were very effective solutions to the high return rate, however these behavioural controls must be analyzed in terms of tightness and sustainability. The action constraints put into place by the second cross-functional team are congruent with the organizational objective of enforcing a stricter return policy. At this point, the current action control system has a clear definition of actions and is understandable by the salespeople and the ASC. However, the current control system is not sustainable because it lacks completeness – there is very little action tracking. There is no incentive for an individual in the ASC team to properly inspect returned goods if accountability is unassigned. In consequence, a possible solution is to have all parties sign off on the customer return record, as the respective merchandise makes its way to the repair warehouse. This would include signatures from the salesperson that accepted the return, his/her supervisor, the cross-functional inspection team, and the respective member of the ASC. This not only adds accountability to the individual employee, but also provides a record for the number of NFF returns. Finally, completeness of the action control system requires results reinforcement. As mentioned in the results section, positive and negative policies will be tied to the number of NFF returns accepted by ASC and the after-sales service team. Goods must come in original packing When salespeople working at chain retailers accept returns, it is important to ensure that the returns are made in a form that is resellable. PCL’s new controls stated that returned goods would be required to come in their original PCL packaging, with all the original accessories. This control is effective because it is congruent with the company’s ultimate goal of serving its customers in a way that will be cost-efficient. This behavioural control is under an umbrella which aims to be complete in that employees involved can have some impact in the areas in which the organization wishes to achieve some goal. In order to make this control sustainable, PCL should tighten action by introducing a written log sheet on which salespeople and another member of a cross-functional team, such as a supervisor, inspect the returned good and verify that it is in its original packaging. Such measures would ensure institutional memory is in place so that changes in personnel will not disrupt the control process. Increase labour charges for inspection returns As part of the new incentive and penalty scheme for ASCs, labour charges for inspection of returns would be increased. This results control will be effective because it is specific and measurable. In addition, this control aims to align this third-party’s goals with PCL’s own goals in minimizing the cost of handling returns. By increasing labour inspection charges, PCL will be effectively transferring some of the responsibility to the ASCs to encourage the ASCs to critically assess each return that is shipped to them. To properly enforce this objective, PCL should draft these specific terms on paper to increase the control’s specificity. Issue Controls Other Recommendations Sales People Must Visit Dealers: The field salespeople are required to visit top dealers on a weekly basis in order to gain feedback and work out follow-up actions to help solve any problems the dealers may have. This is done on a rotation plan, as to help monitor the salespeople. This separation of duties allows PCL to ensure salespeople are not getting to friendly with dealers and also to ensure all problems are being solved immediately. PCL should continue to execute this control, as it helps monitor the quality and sales people to ensure they are doing a proper job. As a suggestion PCL could do this on a monthly basis or bi-monthly basis, as every week is too often. This would still allow PCL to monitor quality among salespeople, but would not be a large cost to the company. Project Team Meetings: Every two weeks the project team is required to meet to review the controls that are in place and to ensure they are doing their jobs properly. If anything is not working, or if a problem has come up, the project team will work together right away to solve the issue. This is a control in itself to help ensure the controls are all working. PCL should continue to follow through with this, as it is helping the company. In the future when another problem, as big as the problem of a large amount of NFF returns arises, PCL should make another project team to come up with a solution. By choosing team members who have a wide array or knowledge across the company, PCL is giving itself the best opportunity to fix the problem.